Prevent neurodegenerative diseases! Drink coffee like this to stay away from dementia and Parkinson’s disease

【早安健康/張金堅、蔡崇煌醫師】
咖啡與神經系統疾病(neurological diseases)

一般大眾咸認為一口氣喝200毫克咖啡因(約2.5杯咖啡),或一天飲用量不超過400毫克的咖啡因(5杯), 對身體就沒有傷害,且對於腦部神經系統的警覺性和健康、集中注意力具有幫助,並能夠降低憂鬱症風險,以及強化藥物對頭痛的作用等。

長期服用咖啡或咖啡因可防止認知能力下降,並可降低中風、巴金森氏症和阿茲海默症的風險,但可能會提高某些人的焦慮及擾亂睡眠。

在癲癇方面,咖啡的作用目前尚有爭議,在動物模型研究,發現短期服用咖啡因會降低癲癇的閾值,使較易發作,但相反地,在人的研究發現長期服用咖啡/咖啡因,可減少癲癇發作及減低癲癇重積狀態(status epilepticus)時的腦損傷。

咖啡豆醇(kahweol)可以保護神經細胞不被傷害,例如可保護導致巴金森氏症有關的神經毒素6-羥基多巴胺(6-hydroxydopamine;6-OHDA)神經元細胞免於死亡。研究發現咖啡豆醇能經由磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase;PI3K)和p38 / Nrf2的途徑,誘導血紅素原加氧酶-1(heme oxygenase-1),經由6-羥基衍生的氧化壓力(6-hydroxydopamine-derived oxidative stress),以保護多巴胺神經元。

咖啡藉由多重機轉降低巴金森氏症的相對風險

巴金森氏症(Parkinson’s disease)是發病率僅次於阿茲海默症的神經退化性疾病,病因仍然不明, 但與因大腦黑質腦細胞退化,無法製造足夠的多巴胺(dopamine)有關。

為什麼黑質細胞會退化呢?目前還不清楚,據推測,可能與基因、環境或生活因素有關,例如濫用抗生素、重金屬污染等。最近好幾個研究都顯示喝咖啡,竟然可預防巴金森氏症。

60∼80%的巴金森氏症患者都有便秘問題,而且是早在病徵出現的10∼20年前就開始。2014年,臺大醫院神經部的團隊分析健保資料庫中55萬個巴金森氏症病例,也再度證實有便秘困擾的人日後得到巴金森氏症的機率比一般人高出許多,而且便秘越嚴重,機率越高。

((降低失智風險要喝幾杯咖啡好?答案就在下一頁))

Study: Coffee helps prevent Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s! Which is better: dark roast or light roast?

Coffee helps prevent Alzheimer's

A new study recently found that a cup of coffee in the morning not only lifts the spirits, but also protects against Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Researchers at the Dolan-Doklopil Brain Institute found that phenylindanes, a chemical breakdown product of chlorogenic acid lactones in roasted coffee, inhibits the growth of Tau proteins and beta amyloid plaques, two proteins associated with increased risk of two diseases in the brain.

Regular Caffeine Intake May Help Prevent Dementia

According to Alzheimer’s and Dementia Weekly, Dr. Donald Weaver, co-director of the Crumbill Brain Institute, noted that coffee consumption appears to be associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, and they want to investigate what the cause is, what compounds are involved, and how it affects age-related cognitive decline.

Other studies have found that regular caffeine intake may help prevent dementia, AARP said. A study published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, which looked at people aged 65 to 84, showed that people who drank one to two cups of coffee a day were less likely to have mild cognitive impairment than those who never drank coffee. The American Association of Retired Persons pointed out that similar studies have found that coffee can even prevent Parkinson’s disease.

Dark-roasted coffee is more protective than light-roasted coffee

However, Canadian researchers have ruled out caffeine as a source of brain protection because even decaffeinated roasted coffee is beneficial in preventing dementia. The team determined that phenyl lindane, obtained through roasted coffee, is a beneficial compound that inhibits the aggregation of Tau and beta amyloid proteins in the brain associated with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.

The researchers also found that dark-roasted coffee, which contains more phenyl lindane, was more protective than light-roasted coffee, and the next step in the study is to measure how these compounds get into the bloodstream and cross the blood-brain barrier, and the good news is that phenyl lindane is a natural compound that has medicinal advantages over synthetic products. Dr. Weaver said that before coffee can be used to treat Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s, more research is needed.

Prevent neurodegenerative diseases! Drink coffee like this to stay away from dementia and Parkinson’s disease